Basic Information

Location Western Chubut province, Argentina.

Geology Volcanic ash–derived mudstones and paleosols (ancient soils) of the Sarmiento Formation (unnamed member).

Geologic Age Late Eocene, about 38–37 million years (based on biostratigraphic correlation).

Mammal Age Mustersan.

Mammals Identified 37 species (appendix 6).

LA GRAN HONDONADA REPRESENTS A NEAR-INSTANTANEOUS EVENT in which an entire mammal community was preserved en masse. Thus, it provides a snapshot of southern Argentina during the late Eocene. The animals preserved at La Gran Hondonada were killed by a severe drought, a cloud of volcanic ash, or some other agent that littered the landscape with skeletons. Their remains were exposed to scavengers and the elements only briefly before being washed into a river by heavy rains and an ensuing flash flood. As a result, they were preserved in excellent condition in a concentrated, U-shaped deposit that reflects the ancient river channel (26 ft/8 m wide by 4 ft/1.3 m high). Only part of this rich deposit has been excavated; it is not known how much farther it extends into the earth.

To help build a dignitarian world, International Training Associates is implementing Kindness Campaigns in schools and communities throughout the United States. These help young people recognize rankism and its effects on themselves and others. Through creative play, the arts, and deep conversation, participants learn to look beyond labels and to treat each other with dignity.

Story 1: During one of our Middle School Respect Days, our attention was drawn to a quiet, morose, overweight eighth-grade boy who in his invisibility was obviously at the lower end of the social hierarchy. He had difficulty participating in the activities until we were writing a group poem in which each student wrote a line. After all his peers had shared, this young man found his voice and quietly stood up and read “In a kind world, girls would like me.” There was an audible gasp and many students cried as they were touched by his naked honesty and pain. Although they had gone to school together since kindergarten, this was the first time many truly saw his humanity. This was the beginning of a transformation where others began to treat him with dignity and he himself began to find his voice and see himself as worthwhile.

PRIOR TO THE OUTBREAK of World War I, Berlin was one of the most important cities in the world, politically, industrially, and in terms of its standard of living. The city underwent significant development after it became the capital of the German Empire in 1871, and further growth continued from 1888 with the ascension of Wilhelm II to the throne. As industry increased, the city grew, and by the start of the 1910s, the population of Berlin and its suburbs reached over three-and-a-half million, making it Europe’s third largest city.

Led by its universities and institutions such as the Royal Academy of Sciences, Berlin also became one of the premier academic centers of Western Europe. The city gained a reputation for its culture, which was showcased in its numerous museums, galleries, and educational and entertainment establishments. Aside from those run by the state, Berlin boasted twenty-five private theaters, including the Deutsches Theater headed by the world-famous director Max Reinhardt. Berlin musical life thrived, and institutions such as the Stern Conservatory had an international reputation for providing a high level of music education. In addition to its fondness for lighter genres, the Berlin public was passionate about serious music. Among the several concert halls and orchestras in Berlin, attention focused on the Royal Capella and the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra, which offered evening concerts twice a week, often with the participation of international stars. The high-profile concerts of the Berlin Philharmonic usually took place in the Philharmonic Hall and were conducted, at this time, by Arthur Nikisch, who also led the Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra. In addition to the Berlin Philharmonic performances, symphonic and chamber music events took place in many other concert venues throughout Berlin, including the Beethoven-Saal, the Bechstein-Saal, the Hall of the Vocal Academy, and two halls in the Königliche Hochschule für Musik.

Chapter Two

Williams, Lane’s Brigade, and the Civil War

T

he Civil War in the Trans-Mississippi, or Frontier area of the United

States, was generally an annoyance to the authorities in Washington and

Richmond. Senior commanders and politicians were more focused on the huge formations of troops swarming across the eastern landscape, led by clusters of generals with impressive names. Casualties in the east defied imagination. Northern and Southern capitals were at stake. The Trans-Mississippi was far away, sparsely populated, and perceived to have little value in affecting the outcome of the conflict.

Across the Mississippi, in Kansas, Missouri, Indian Territory (now

Oklahoma), and Arkansas, the largely unheralded war was savage. Troop populations were smaller, resources were limited, and there were many old scores to settle. Civilian populations did not escape violence; their lack of density made them more vulnerable. The same enemies fought each other repeatedly, with each engagement ratcheting up in fury. Their numbers may have been fewer, but the stakes were just as high to them as they were to the people of the eastern United States.

There is an ancient metaphysical

              law that says if we desire

          more abundance in our lives

              we must create a vacuum

         to allow ourselves to receive

         the good we seek. How can

      more good come into our lives

              if there is no room for it?

                     Sarah Ban Breathnach

STRATEGIC SYNCHRONICITIES are produced in clear, uncluttered spaces. In order for our perfect customers to easily find us, we have to stand out in a crowd. The best way to accomplish this is to be surrounded by clear space—both physically and metaphorically.

Today, we will take a more active approach to bringing in more perfect customers by clearing a space in which to receive them.

What works best for Jan is for her to schedule time on her calendar every day for clearing off her desk, purging her files, and cleaning out her car. It’s a way of clearing a space in her schedule to catch her breath. When she is breathing freely, then she is thinking more clearly, which automatically makes her more attractive.

A mosaic in Piazza Amerina's Villa Romana del Casale.

It’s easy to think of the rugged coast, plains, and hinterlands of southern Sicily as undiscovered, but that’s only relative. Granted, these lands have little of the sophistication of Taormina or the urban clamor of Palermo, but to consider them unexplored backwaters is to forget history. The Greeks and after them the Romans found their way here millennia ago. The Greeks built magnificent cities in Agrigento and Selinunte, and their well-preserved temples still stand. Meanwhile, the Romans left a rich collection of mosaics at the Villa del Casale, outside Piazza Armerina. If you’re making a sweep through the south, it’s easiest to reach these far-flung attractions by car. By public transport, they’re most easily accessible from Palermo.

Piazza Armerina

134km (83) miles NW of Siracusa, 158km (98 miles) SE of Palermo

Why do travelers make such an effort to get to this dusty, sun-baked hilltown in the center of Sicily? There’s one very simple reason: To see the richest collection of Roman mosaics in the world, at the Villa del Casale, in the countryside 5km (3 miles) outside of town. Here, from elevated walkways you’ll gaze down upon wild beasts, bikini-clad exercisers, superheroes, and the monsters of myth, depicted in glorious and colorful mosaic tableaux. The masterful ancient craftsmanship is in a near-miraculous state of preservation, and provides a fascinating window into 4th-century a.d. preoccupations—but even more than that, looking at these brilliant mosaic scenes is as entertaining as watching a good film, one in glorious Technicolor.

The trainee, flustered and a little late, arrived at the door of the therapist.

She knocked and reflected that she had learnt as much theory as she could, read all available books and papers, and attended supervisions and tutorials as offered. She was not sure what else she had to learn. However, she was truly ambitious and wanted to progress up the ladder in her chosen career.

She felt overwhelmed by information but was anxious to acquire more knowledge and wanted some help in writing some more papers. She had many ideas. She also hoped to be told how to be more confident and authoritative with the families with whom she met.

She wanted to develop her ability to think about and analyse the theories in greater depth, giving her greater understanding and expertise in therapies and the different techniques.

As soon as possible, the trainee wanted to move on in her career; she loved to teach and hoped to pass on all that she knew. She also hoped that she would come to feel more expert and to be widely respected in her chosen field. She wanted to do research and publish more papers. She planned that she would gainfeelings of expertise and confidence from the 3-Point Therapist. She had heard that the therapist gave consultations to trainees and qualified therapists alike. She had heard that the therapist gave advice on preparation of talks and consultations, and on gaining recognition and respect for one's knowledge and expertise.

The clinical vignettes presented in the first six chapters refer to work that took place on a small, experimental unit of 11 beds, which shared a ward with a general unit of a similar size. The units together made up an acute admission ward known within the Maudsley as Ward 6. The experimental unit made use of a psychoanalytic perspective in its treatment plans, whilst its partner functioned on more general psychiatric lines. The two units dealt with a wide range of disturbances, and since most of the nursing staff served both units, a beneficial mutual influence evolved. An increasing psychodynamic attitude developed on the ward as a whole, whilst the provision of a firm psychiatric base for work of a psychotherapeutic nature came to be appreciated.

Contexts and credos

The psychodynamic philosophy of the unit regarding the nature of functional (as opposed to provenly organic) psychoses and their treatment could be summarized using a number of theoretical and clinical observations repeatedly confirmed over time. For example, psychotic conditions and severe disorders of character with psychotic features often called “schizoid” or, more recently, “borderline” conditions, affect individuals who are predisposed by reasons of constitutional vulnerability or adverse environmental conditions in infancy and childhood, or both. Many psychotic symptoms and delusions reveal meaningful content and are an expression of profound intra-psychic conflict. An acute psychotic attack may often be understood as the final stage in a struggle—perhaps lifelong—of a vulnerable individual to adjust to the world of external reality in the face of overwhelming and unresolved emotional problems of relating to the self and to others. This struggle has its roots in infancy and early childhood and in a failure, in varying degrees and for differing reasons, to experience a sufficiently stable relationship with the mother or primary object. The development of a normal core to the structure of the personality and a capacity for making and sustaining emotional attachments have been impaired, and it is frequently the demands on the adolescent to change and grow that precipitate the first overt breakdown.

Lou barely slept that night. He tossed and turned as the mistakes of the last thirty years or so played themselves over and over in his mind. Cory was an object to him, he couldn’t deny it. His heart stirred in anger merely at the thought of Cory’s name. But there was a new feeling this night—a desire to be rid of the ache he felt regarding Cory rather than a desire to be rid of Cory himself. He was wanting his son back. Or perhaps more accurately, he was beginning to feel the desire to be Cory’s father again.

Speaking of ache, the pain he felt for banishing Kate was now acute. As he replayed what he had regarded as the mutinous meeting in the boardroom, he heard his words and witnessed his scowl afresh. He had been a child! He couldn’t afford to lose Kate, but his pride had driven him over a cliff and blinded him to a truth he suspected was obvious to everyone else—that Kate, not Lou, was the prime mover behind Zagrum Company’s success. How could I have been so blind! What am I going to do? How can I rescue the company?

It had been an unusually cold autumn and early winter, with the first heavy snow in October, and by November the temperature rarely rose above forty degrees. For months on end, the sky was gunmetal gray in the early morning, and seemed to grow only slightly brighter as the day progressed before collapsing back into sooty darkness in the late afternoon.

As Damien waited for Erin after school, he paced back and forth near the bicycle stand atop the hill that overlooked the weathered brick high school building. Damien stopped to look at the bicycle that was attached to the stand by a rusty chain. The bike was a beat-up, black Schwinn that reminded him of the one he'd had when Erin taught him how to ride a bike a few months after he returned to Rose's house. For Damien, where he had lived at that time was “Rose's house,” not “his house.” But now he thought of it as his house, most of the time.

His mind drifted to his life with Margaret and Sybil. As he pictured the house, it had no doors. He wondered where Sybil was living now. It was hard to imagine because Sybil didn't feel real to him; it was as if she had come into this world from nowhere and returned to nowhere when she left. Sometimes he felt she was a ghost who had haunted him, and no one else had ever seen her, not even Margaret.

7

Upper midcoast: Around Penobscot Bay

Let’s say you’re traveling east on the Maine coast along Route 1, and you’re the sort of person who travels with one eye on the compass or GPS heading. Somewhere around Rockland, you suddenly notice something strange: You’re pointed almost due north. Huh? Yet it’s true. The culprit behind this geographic quirk is Penobscot Bay, a sizable bite out of the coast that forces drivers to take a lengthy northerly detour in order to cross the head of the bay, where the Penobscot River flows into it at Bucksport.

Fear not; you’ll find some of Maine’s most distinctive coastal scenery in this little region, which is dotted with offshore islands and hills rising above the shore. Although the mouth of Penobscot Bay is occupied by two large islands, its waters still churn when the winds and tides are right.

Thanks to both its natural beauty and architectural cuteness, the bay’s western shore sees a steady stream of tourist traffic in summer, especially along the stretch of U.S. Route 1 passing through artsy Rockland and affluent Camden. You’ll need a small miracle to find a weekend bed without a reservation in summer or early fall. Nevertheless, this is a great area if you want to get a taste of the real Maine coast. Services for travelers are everywhere.

For children, “the strongest appeal should be to the imagination, the power by which the child prises himelf free from the present and loosens the clutch of the immediate. In the imaginative act the child disengages himself from the partial and broken, from ‘the universe as a mass of little parts’, and comes to conceive of a larger unity and more inclusive whole. The now is extended and the here complicated. The pressure of the momentary is relaxed and the actual charged with the possible”

(Walsh, circa 1968, p. 24)

Good time—with memory and desire

Isometimes wonder what my mind is like inside, often I fancy that it is like this. I feel as if my mind goes round and round like the earth and if my lessons make me think hard it begins to spin. In my other class it was getting all stodgy and still and lumpy and rusty. I feel as if there is a ball in my mind and it is divided into pieces—each piece stands for a different mood. The ball turns every now and then and that’s what makes me change moods. I have my learning mood, my goodlooks mood, my happy mood, my loose-end mood and my grumpy mood, my misrable [sic] mood and my planning mood. At the moment I am writing this I am in my thoughtful mood. When I am in my thoughtful mood I think out my maths and plan stories and poems. When my kitten is in her thoughtful mood she thinks shall I pounce or not, and shall I go to sleep or not. this sort of thing goes on in my own mind too. It is very hard for me to put my thoughts into words. Sarah Gristwood aged 7. [McLeod, 1972, p. 9]

If you waver with your vision, then your staff can and will become unsure of the direction they should be moving. Movement must be forward. All teachers and students must be held accountable for academic growth.

—PAMELA SAMSON, RETIRED DISTRICT 54 PRINCIPAL

District 54 demonstrated a significant, long-term commitment to becoming a PLC. To achieve this goal, the district strove to make PLC concepts the overriding framework for all decisions—from staffing to scheduling to goal-setting and beyond. Such a deep transformation required the district to provide ongoing training and professional development around PLC concepts, revamp its school improvement planning process to increase accountability for results, restructure district-level supports to reinforce the transformation at individual school sites, and prioritize celebrating achievement gains across the system. Central to the district’s success has been the understanding that PLC transformation is an ongoing process—not a one-time event.

My purpose in this chapter is to explore countertransference proclivities experienced at various phases in the analytic work with patients considered narcissistic personality disorders. However, because narcissistic investments are ubiquitous, narcissistic resistances occur in a broad spectrum of patients from healthier to sicker ones. Therefore, the countertransference reactions described here with narcissistic personality disorders may occur at varying points in all analyses.

In chapter 2, narcissistic personality disorder was defined by the predominance of narcissistic defenses in a person's character “armor” and by the state of the ego's integration of its defenses. Thus, before proceeding with a discussion of countertransference, it is important to note that most analyzable patients with narcissistic personality disorders employ, in addition to their narcissistic defenses, other defenses including denial of narcissistic injury, projection of rage, externalization of superego introjects, as well as defensive masochistic and sadistic identifications. However, in evaluating these subjects’ analyzability, the issue is not dynamic (i.e., not the pursuit of illusions of narcissistic perfection for the self-representation); it is structural and functional. The issue is not the presence of narcissistic defenses but the state of their integration.

32

Algebra of the Copula

[Version 1]

Spring 1891

Houghton Library

Logical quantity has but two values, t the true and f the false. But one operation is necessary, defined as follows: a. If b is true, a R b is true. b. Either a or a R b is true. g. If a and a R b are true, b is true.

This gives the following: fRtϭt

fRfϭt

tRtϭt

t R f ϭ f.

Any proposition written is supposed to be true. In writing propositions parentheses are employed to enclose compounds to be treated as single letters in combining them with letters or other such compounds. These may be called clauses. Parentheses ending clauses or propositions are omitted, and the clauses they would have included are not commonly regarded as such. The last letter of a proposition or clause is called its consequent. Its other immediate parts, letters or clauses, are called antecedents. Thus in the proposition a R [(b R c ) R d R e] R f the antecedents are a and (b R c ) R d R e, and the antecedents of the latter clause are (b R c ) and d.

ALGEBRAIC RULES